Coast guard boat crew seamanship manual online

In SAR, movement of search object through water caused by local winds blowing against that object. Any line attached to a lifeboat or life raft to assist people in the water. Also called a grab rope. The illuminating apparatus used to emit the light signal. A lighted aid to navigation on a fixed structure. May be used to define distinctive color difference of two adjoining sectors, or an obscured sector.

Fixed structures ranging in size from the typical major seacoast lighthouse to much smaller, single pile structures. Placed on shore or on marine sites and most often do not show lateral aid to navigation markings. They assist the mariner in determining his position or safe course, or warn of obstructions or dangers to navigation.

Lighthouses with no lateral significance usually exhibit a white light, but can use sectored lights to mark shoals or warn mariners of other dangers. Coast Guard district to mariners disseminate important information affecting aids to navigation, dredging, marine construction, special marine activities, and bridge construction on the waterways with that district.

To record something is to log it. Short for logbook. Longitudinals usually intersect frames to complete the skeletal framework of a vessel. Often called navigation mark, includes floating marks buoys and fixed marks beacons. The mast will vary in height depending on vessel type or use. Person who carries messages for OOD or other officers of the watch.

Modified U. Aid Used on the Intracoastal waterway, these aids are also equipped with System special yellow strips, triangles, or squares. They are self- righting and self-bailing. N-Dura hose Double synthetic jacketed and impregnated rubber lined hose, orange in color, used in the Coast Guard for fire fighting. Lateral mark that is red, even numbered, and usually marks the port hand side proceeding to seaward.

Commonly used for single-occulting light which exhibits only single occulations that are repeated at regular intervals. Officer of the Deck An officer in charge of the ship representing the commanding officer. Opposite is inshore or near- shore. On Scene A person designated to coordinate search and rescue operations within a Commander specified area associated with a distress incident. Opposite is inboard.

They fire include breaking up combustible material with a fire ax or a fire rake and cooling the fire area with water or fog. There are two parallel pattern track patterns; they are 1 single unit PS 2 and multi-unit PM.

Of a propeller, the axial advance during one revolution. The bow buries itself in the wave and the stern pitches over the bow, capsizing the vessel. On the Great Lakes proceeding from seaward means following a generally westerly and northerly direction, except on Lake Michigan where the direction is southerly. On the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers and their tributaries, proceeding from seaward means from the Gulf of Mexico toward the headwaters of the rivers upstream.

To be broad on the quarter means to be 45 degrees away from dead astern, starboard or port quarter is used to indicate a specific side. In general, these fixtures will materially improve the aid to navigation for use by vessels with radar.

They help radar equipped vessels to detect buoys and beacons. They do not positively identify a radar target as an aid to navigation. Responsible for routine communication and logging, as well as properly handling responses to emergency radio communications. First electronic system of navigation. Provided offshore coverage and became the first all-weather electronic aid to navigation. Also, a line formed by the extension of a line connecting two charted points.

The front range light is the lower of the two, and nearer to the mariner using the range. The rear range light is higher and further from the mariner. Used to indicate a special meaning to the mariner, such as danger, restricted operations, or exclusion area. Can be found on equipment such as PFDs or material hypothermia protective clothing.

An arrangement or contrivance. An arrangement of equipment and machinery, as an oil rig. Standing rigging more or less permanently fixed. Running rigging is adjustable, e. RTV Silicone rubber used for plugging holes and seams. Sticks to wet surfaces and will set up under water. Used in damage control for temporary repairs. Sampson post Vertical timber or metal post on the forward deck of a boat used in towing and securing.

Sometimes used as synonym for King Post. SAR incident A form to record essential elements of a case. SAR Mission The official temporarily assigned to coordinate response to an actual or Coordinator apparent distress situation. Number of fathoms of chain out to anchor or mooring buoy.

If to anchor, scope is increased in strong winds for more holding power. Also, the length of towline or distance from the stern of the towing vessel to the bow of the tow. Common to most self-bailing boats. However, it is usually made off to the bow opposed to the stern as in the use of a drogue. A through hull fitting used in the vessels engine cooling systems. It allows the vessel to take on sea water through a closed piping system. Search and Rescue A unit composed of trained personnel and provided with equipment Unit SRU suitable for the expeditious conduct of search and rescue operations.

On the Intracoastal Waterway, returning from seaward is from north to south on the eastern U. A seagoing ship may for some reason not be seaworthy, such as when damaged. A ship is set by the current. A southerly current and a north wind are going in the same direction.

Measured in degrees usually True. Also, to set up, to secure in place. To take something aboard. Each cartridge flare burns red, has a minimum duration of 4. A hook that is used in attaching a tow line to a small trailerable boat, using the trailer eyebolt on the boat. It has a night end and a day illumination signal end. The night end produces a red flame, the day end has an orange smoke. Green, odd numbered. Allows user preserver vest to relax, save energy, increase survival time and will keep users head out type with collar of water, even if user is unconscious.

Not found as part of a boat outfit. Nun buoys are red, day beacons are red, bordered with dark red and triangular shaped. Its lower end is scarfed to the keel, and the bowsprit rests on the upper end.

The cutwater, or false stem analogous to false keel , is attached to the fore part of the stem and may be carved or otherwise embellished, especially in the vicinity of the figurehead, which usually rests upon it. In steel ships, the stem is the foremost vertical or near-vertical strength member, around which or to which the plating of the bow is welded or riveted.

Compare stern-post. Used to attract the attention of aircraft, ships, or ground parties, it flashes white light at 50 plus or minus 10 times per minute.

Generally refers to the outermost line of consistent surf. They are self-righting and self-bailing. Fast response for rescuing people, and delivering damage control equipment or emergency medical services. They are an alternative, not a primary resource, and are used to arrive on scene quickly and stabilize a situation until a more capable unit arrives.

Consists of a belt attached around the waist. A personal signal kit is also attached. Boat crews are provided with a vest containing the items found in the signal kit as prescribed in the Rescue and Survival Systems Manual. The heave of the sea.

Used to reduce the effects of chaffing on the towline. It goes through the deck and backing plate located below deck. Responsible to the coxswain. Its purpose is to allow the personnel below to guide and control the rescue device as it is lowered.

Red, even numbered. Sometimes used to include list. Also means shipshape, neat. Aids to System encompasses buoys and beacons conforming to or being Navigation System converted to the IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities , buoyage guidelines and other short range aids to navigation not covered by these guidelines.

These other aids to navigation are lighthouses, sector lights, ranges, and large navigation buoys LNBs. Uniform State Designed for use on lakes and other inland waterways that are not Waterway portrayed on nautical charts.

Authorized for use on other waters as well. It is fast, powerful, maneuverable and designed to operate in moderate weather and sea conditions. It normally carries a crew of three, a coxswain, boat engineer, and crewmember. It is the principle used by the eductor in dewatering a vessel. Refraction also occurs when a wave passes around a point of land, jetty, or an island.

It may be the very edge of the whitewater on a breaker, or the edge of a high peaking wave that is about to break. Made of soft wood they are forced into holes or damaged areas to stop leaking, or to plug damaged structures or to reinforce shoving. Part of a damage control kit. A vertically recessed area in the main deck that allows the crewmember to work low to the water. Designed to protect wearer from exposure to cold, wind, and spray. Constructed of foam neoprene, a durable and elastic material with excellent flotation characteristics.

These buoyancy characteristics, which affect your entire body, will cause you to float horizontally, either face up or face down. To summon, signal or direct by whistling. A device for making whistling sounds by means of forced air or steam.

A whistling sound used to summon or command. It is attached to some PFDs and is an optional item for the personal signal kit. It has proven very useful in locating survivors in inclement weather and can be heard up to 1, yards. Found outside harbors. Sound range greater than 1 mile. Williamson turn Used if an individual or object falls overboard during periods of darkness or restricted visibility and the exact time of the incident is unknown.

Done by turning 60 degrees to port or starboard from the original course, there shifting rubber until vessel comes about on a reverse course.

May be of little value to boats having a small turning radius. Sheering off alternately to port and starboard. Chapter 1: Boat Crew Duties and Responsibilities. Introduction Coast Guard and Auxiliary boat crews perform duties requiring both skill and knowledge. The general duties for crew members are outlined information for in this chapter. Assignments and procedures for specific tasks, such as Auxiliary boat towing or retrieving people from the water, are found in other chapters.

Minimum Commandant sets minimum crew sizes for standard boats. For example, crew size the 47' motor life boat MLB carries a minimum crew of four -- a coxswain, an engineer, and two crew members.

Area and District Commanders set minimum crew sizes for non-standard boats assigned to their units. Coast Guard boats and Auxiliary facilities may carry two to six people as crew. Many times, only a coxswain and a crew member comprise the crew for a nonstandard boat, Auxiliary facility, or for a cutter's boat.

Qualification as a boat crew member is a prerequisite to qualification as boat engineer, coxswain, and surfman. Coast Guard Auxiliarists may qualify and certify for crew member and engineer in the same way. Auxiliarists are not permitted to be certified as coxswain on Coast Guard boats.

The An Auxiliarist on official orders may perform many Coast Guard duties, Auxiliary including boat crew member and boat engineer, but is not a military member of the Coast Guard.

Although trained and qualified to an equivalent level, the Auxiliary member may not be assigned any authority or responsibility specifically reserved by regulation for military or law enforcement personnel.

Auxiliary Since the coxswain of an Auxiliary facility is responsible for assigning crew members and often selecting their crew members to duty, the controlling Coast Guard unit may not know the identity of all crew members.

Introduction The Coast Guard and Auxiliary boat crew training programs are based on the concept that sailors must be trained at sea. This manual, and specifically this chapter, is designed to provide an outline of the duties typically performed by various members of boat crews and the skills and knowledge required to perform tasks assigned. For people seeking to be members of a boat crew, it is fundamental that they understand these duties and the importance of crew members working together as a team.

The trainee rides on board to only observe actual operational missions, not as a member of the crew counted towards minimum crew requirements. Performance, The duties of a trainee are to learn and safely perform the practical tasks skill, and prescribed for crew members. These duties are in the qualification knowledge manuals and are performed under the supervision of a qualified crew requirements member assigned to the boat. General Crew members safely perform their duties under the supervision of a coxswain.

This position provides valuable training for future duties and responsibilities. Frequent drills practicing the procedures for different emergency circumstances will teach crew members how to react correctly to each situation.

All crew members must continuously think about emergency situations and answer the hypothetical question, "What should I do if? General Boat engineers are responsible for propulsion and auxiliary machinery while underway. Performance, The skill and knowledge requirements for boat engineers are as extensive skill, and as those for coxswains. They must be able to take quick and proper knowledge action when faced with any boat engineering casualty. General Coast Guard boats underway must have a coxswain on board who is certified by the unit commander to operate that particular type of boat.

The district director of Auxiliary certifies Auxiliary coxswains to operate an Auxiliary facility. Coxswains are in charge of the boat and crew.

The coxswain's range and degree of responsibility are comparable to that of a cutter's deck watch officer. The Coast Guard places great trust in the coxswain's ability to provide effective boat crew leadership, coordination, and risk management skills. Performance, The knowledge requirements and performance skills for coxswains are skill, and extensive. Coxswains must apply good judgment, intelligence, and knowledge initiative. They must make decisions with the safety of their crew and requirements boat in mind.

These principles include detection, identification, evaluation, and mitigation or control risk as part of making decisions e. General The Surfman is considered an advanced coxswain qualification. There is no Surfman The Surfman also leads, motivates and trains boat crews to operate in boat crew position in the Auxiliary these extreme types of conditions. They must train and pass their skills and experience on to new coxswains. Introduction Under the direction of the coxswain, crew members are assigned various watches which are described in this section.

Assign and Coxswains must assign and station lookouts properly in order to comply station with the requirement noted above. In the past, the inappropriate assignment of crew duties has contributed to mishaps resulting in fatalities.

However, some conversation among crew members may be beneficial in reducing fatigue and maintaining alertness. If you do not understand your duties, ask for more information. Lookout Lookouts must be posted by the coxswain so they have the best possible positioning chance of seeing and hearing an approaching vessel or searching for an object in the water. The coxswain should use the following steps when positioning lookouts:. Step Procedure 1 Choose a boat speed that enables lookouts to effectively and safely perform their duties.

Lookouts should be positioned on each side of the vessel so that each can scan a sector from dead ahead to directly aft. Object Lookouts must report what they see, smell, or hear with as much detail as identification possible. Object type is immediately important vessel, buoy, breaking waves , but additional details may help the coxswain in decision making.

This is the specific reason why all boat crew members must have normal color vision. Relative Lookouts make reports using relative bearings only. These bearings run clockwise from zero degrees o or dead ahead, through one-eight-zero degrees o or dead astern, around to three-six-zero degrees o or dead ahead again.

The following steps are important in reporting relative bearings:. Step Procedure 1 Study the diagram on major reference points of relative bearings. Picture in your mind the complete circle of relative bearings around your boat in 10 degree increments See Figure Relative Bearings Figure 2 Bearings are always reported in three digits and distinctly spoken digit by digit. To ensure one number is not mistaken for another, the following pronunciation is required.

Numeral Spoken as Numeral Spoken as ZERO FI-YIV WUN SIX TOO SEVEN ATE FO-WER Position Objects in the sky are located by their relative bearing and position angle angle. The position angle of an aircraft is its height in degrees above the horizon as seen from the boat. The horizon is 0o and directly overhead is 90o. The position angle can never be more than 90o. Position angles are reported in one or two digits and the word "Position Angle" is always spoken before the numerals See Figure Position Angles Figure Distance Report distances in yards.

Knowing the distance to the horizon, land, or other reference point, will help estimate distance. By dividing the distance from you to your reference point, you can estimate the distance to another object. Ranges in yards are reported digit by digit, except when reporting yards in hundreds or thousands which are spoken as listed below. Making When making reports, the lookout names or describes the object sighted, reports the direction in relative degrees and the range to the object in yards.

An aircraft bearing o relative to the bow of the ship, 30o above the horizon, and at a distance of 9, yards. Scanning The lookout's method of eye search is called scanning. Scanning is a step-by-step method of visually searching for objects.

Good scanning techniques will ensure that objects are not missed. Scanning also reduces eye fatigue. Development of a systematic scanning technique is important. This creates overlaps in your field of vision and fewer objects will be missed. Step Procedure 1 When looking for an object, scan the sky, sea, and horizon slowly and regularly. Scan from left to right and back again or from top to bottom and bottom to top. Move your head from side to side and keep your For more details on eyes fixed.

This will give any stationary objects in your field scanning, refer to of vision the appearance of moving and make them easier to the Search see. For example, after prolonged scanning, with little or no contrast, your eyes develop a tendency to focus short of where you think you are looking.

To prevent this, periodically focus on a close object such as whitecaps or the bow of the boat. Night When binoculars are used for night scanning, hold them straight forward scanning and shift your line of sight in a circular path around the inside of the binocular field.

When you think you see an object, look all around it, not at it. The chances are it will appear in dim outline. Using binoculars at night on a stable platform increases your range of vision significantly, however, objects will not appear in clear detail. Fog Fog lookouts scan slowly and rely on their ears. The best position for a scanning fog lookout is where sight and hearing is not interfered by radios, conversation, or other distractions.

Usually at the bow is best, if conditions allow. General Although the duties for day and night lookout watches are the same, safety and caution during night watches are especially important. Your eyes respond much more slowly at night and pick up moving objects more readily than fixed objects.

It takes about 30 minutes for your eyes to become accustomed to the limited light available at night. Guidelines The guidelines for lookout watches also apply for night lookout watches.

Dark Dark adaptation is the improvement of vision in dim light. It is very adaptation difficult to see colors at night. Most objects are seen in various shades of gray. Although dark adaptation requires at least 30 minutes, a bright light will destroy night vision in a fraction of a second.

Avoid looking at bright lights during night-time operations. When a light must be used, use a red light. Scanning Scan the sky, sea, and horizon slowly and regularly when looking for an object. Scan from left to right and back again or from top to bottom and from bottom to top. Every crewman should learn to steer and control the boat. They must learn to use both the primary steering system and, when appropriate, the emergency steering system, to ensure safe operations of the boat under normal and abnormal conditions.

General A towing watch is normally performed aft on the boat. The primary duty of the towing watch is to keep the towline and the boat being towed under constant observation. For more information on towing procedures, see Chapter 17 - Towing. Observed The towing watch must be aware of and report any signs of danger. Maintaining Maintain a tow watch until the disabled boat is moored or until relieved.

General When the boat is anchored, an anchor watch is set. The person on watch must ensure that the anchor line does not chafe and that the anchor does not drag. The individual on watch also looks for other vessels in the area. Even when the boat is anchored, there is the possibility that it can be hit by another boat.

Check for Once the anchor is set, apply chafing gear to the anchor line. It is the job chafing of the anchor watch to ensure chafing gear stays in place and the anchor line does not chafe through. Check for There are two methods to determine if your anchor is dragging.

Periodically check your position by taking a navigational fix. Always use both methods. Any bearing changes may indicate that you are beginning to drift. Any change in the ranges may indicate anchor drag. Any change would show your position is changing. Also note your position and the depth of water regularly. A small note pad is acceptable for this purpose. If the water depth or position changes, the anchor may be dragging.

As the wind or water current changes direction, your boat will swing about its anchor. The horizontal component decreases as the water depth increases. Ensure your swing circle is clear of other vessels and underwater obstructions. When checking your position, it should fall inside the swing circle. Appendix 1-A Pre-Underway Checklist. Brief all crew members on the mission, preferably before getting underway, or as soon as possible afterwards.

The briefing should be complete. Weather and sea conditions. Ensure that all doors and hatches are secured. Watertight integrity Note: In an enclosed pilot house, at least one door or window to the weather decks should normally be opened to facilitate hearing sound signals from approaching vessels and aids to navigation. Ensure that all gear necessary to perform the mission is on board. This includes any supplemental equipment not normally on the boat but needed for the specific mission.

Ensure crew members wear personal protective equipment required for the environment e. Commandant policy requires PFDs to be worn at all times when underway. On Coast Guard boats, the crew is also required to wear the boat crew signal kit at all times.

Navigational lights e. Overboard discharge. Chart and compass light. Note the reaction time in each direction. Notify the unit of the time underway and number of crew members on board. Also report any personnel or boat discrepancies at this time.

When proceeding normally with good visibility and your boat is NOT engaged in an active search, keep your crew in a protected location. Designate crew members to act as a lookout. Man overboard. Helicopter operations if helicopter is available.

Frequently observe the depth finder and compare the water depth reported to that shown on the chart for your location. Make OPS operations and position reports to the parent unit as required by local directives and procedures. Position lookouts appropriately and explain their duties. Keep alert for all vessels and sound signals. Note: The aft lookout should be alert for overtaking vessels and for signals missed by the forward lookout. Watch for aids to navigation which do not have audible sound devices.

Lay out charts with the main course, time, and speed plotted on them. Begin plotting navigational fixes, record times, and positions regularly.

Sound appropriate signals. Display appropriate navigational lights. Maintain a speed that will enable you to take proper action to avoid a collision and stop within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions that is, do not go too fast. Overview Prior to getting underway conduct a pre-underway check-off of your facility. Check for proper condition, operation, and stowage of required equipment. Routine mechanical, electrical, and engine checks must also be done. Ensure all crew members are aware of emergency procedures, and the location and use of emergency equipment.

Inform the Operational Commander of the number of persons onboard and their names prior to getting underway. Prepare a pre-underway check-off sheet for your specific facility. Below is a sample pre-underway checklist.

Navigation lights. Current Rules of the Road publication on board, if applicable. Completed the required mechanical, electrical, and engine checks listed below. Ventilation system if applicable.

Energized the electrical and electronic systems bilge pump, etc. Disconnected shore line. Tested engine controls in forward and reverse with lines still attached to the dock; noted the reaction times for both directions.

Introduction Shore units will get their boats underway to conduct a variety of patrols. The intent of this chapter is to discuss types of boat patrol and their respective procedures. Patrols may have different titles for the same type of task or one general title to cover many tasks.

Examples include safety, familiarization, training, harbor, and regatta patrols. In all cases, the crew is underway at the direction of the operational commander. The patrol may be in response to a known problem or meant as a method of prevention or early detection.

For the Auxiliary, the safety patrol supports the search and rescue SAR mission specifically to locate and help persons and boats in distress. While a routine safety patrol is being conducted, it is common practice to perform other missions, such as checking aids to navigation ATON or pollution levels.

Auxiliary safety patrols work for a Coast Guard operational commander. General Safety patrols provide important benefits for the boat crew, Coast Guard, and the public.

General A boat on patrol should always be ready to answer distress or assistance calls expediently, even when ordered to stand by at a pier. To help boaters, many boat crews carry additional equipment, perhaps an extra battery and a good array of tools onboard.

The district commander may require boats to carry equipment to meet the unique needs of the district. This information comes from the Coast Guard group commander, Director of Auxiliary, or order-issuing authority in response to the local needs or changing conditions.

Specifically address possible hazards, risk awareness and situation awareness. Reporting Proper reports keep boaters and the Coast Guard informed about boat responsibility patrols and local boating conditions. Whether it is a routine position report, a sea condition report, or a log entry, all reports should be accurate. Operational While underway, maintain communications with the your unit if your status reports operating within radio range.

Patrol logs Keep a log of significant patrol activities. The narrative of each event should be a brief accurate description of situations, procedures, actions, and activities. The log will help back up reports sent to the Coast Guard and answer any inquiries. Sea Report sea conditions to the public by arranging a broadcast program condition reports with a local radio station.

This provides reports of wind and wave conditions in simple terms to the boating public. Patrolling Make a preliminary sweep of the area to establish familiarity with the prevailing conditions, potential trouble areas, and to announce to local boaters that your crew is on patrol.

Keep your speed down while patrolling to enable the crew to keep a sharp lookout in all directions, and to conserve fuel. Stitch and glue boat kits australia. The following post Barry zekelman boat youtube.

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